List of political parties in Brazil
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Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties.[1]
Above the broad range of political parties in Brazilian Congress, the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), the Liberal Party (PL), the Progressives (PP) and the Brazil Union (UNIÃO) together control the absolute majority of seats in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies.[2] Smaller parties often make alliances with at least one of these five major parties.[3] The number of political parties reached 35 on its apex on 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 Brazilian general election.[4][5][6] However, an electoral threshold introduced on 2017 has resulted in the culling and merger of many parties, as it cuts access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts.[4][7]
Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in form of the Fundo Partidário (lit. 'Party Fund') and the Fundo Eleitoral (lit. 'Electoral Fund') for elections.[8] And a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito.[9]
Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names; however, they can retain their number.
Active parties
[edit]Parties represented in the National Congress
[edit]| Logo | Party | Ideology | Leader(s) | Chamber[10] | Senate[11] | Assemblies[12] | Role in government | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
Liberal Party Partido Liberal |
PL | Right-wing populism Social conservatism |
Valdemar Costa Neto Jair Bolsonaro |
92 / 513
|
14 / 81
|
128 / 1,059
|
Opposition | |
_logo_2021.svg){kind=logo}
|
Workers' Party Partido dos Trabalhadores |
PT | Social democracy Lulism |
Gleisi Hoffmann Lula da Silva |
68 / 513
|
9 / 81
|
118 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
|
Brazil Union União Brasil |
União | Catch-all Liberal conservatism |
Antônio de Rueda (acting) |
59 / 513
|
7 / 81
|
99 / 1,059
|
Independent | |
|
Progressives Progressistas |
PP | Catch-all Liberal conservatism |
Ciro Nogueira | 50 / 513
|
7 / 81
|
86 / 1,059
|
Independent | |
|
Social Democratic Party Partido Social Democrático |
PSD | Catch-all | Gilberto Kassab | 45 / 513
|
15 / 81
|
79 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
|
Brazilian Democratic Movement Movimento Democrático Brasileiro |
MDB | Catch-all | Baleia Rossi | 44 / 513
|
10 / 81
|
94 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
|
Republicans Republicanos |
Conservatism | Marcos Pereira | 44 / 513
|
4 / 81
|
76 / 1,059
|
Independent | ||
|
Democratic Labour Party Partido Democrático Trabalhista |
PDT | Labourism Brazilian nationalism |
André Figueiredo (acting) |
18 / 513
|
3 / 81
|
44 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
|
We Can Podemos |
Pode | Liberal conservatism Direct democracy |
Renata Abreu | 14 / 513
|
6 / 81
|
48 / 1,059
|
Independent | |
| Brazilian Socialist Party Partido Socialista Brasileiro |
PSB | Social democracy Parliamentarianism |
Carlos Siqueira | 14 / 513
|
4 / 81
|
54 / 1,059
|
Coalition | ||
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|
Socialism and Liberty Party Partido Socialismo e Liberdade |
PSOL | Democratic socialism Eco-socialism |
Paula Coradi | 13 / 513
|
— | 22 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
| Brazilian Social Democracy Party Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira |
PSDB | Liberalism | Marconi Perillo | 12 / 513
|
1 / 81
|
55 / 1,059
|
Opposition | ||
|
Communist Party of Brazil Partido Comunista do Brasil |
PCdoB | Communism Marxism–Leninism |
Luciana Santos | 7 / 513
|
— | 18 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
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|
Forward Avante |
Catch-all | Luis Tibé | 7 / 513
|
— | 14 / 1,059
|
Coalition | ||
|
Solidarity Solidariedade |
Humanism | Paulinho da Força (acting) |
5 / 513
|
— | 29 / 1,059
|
Coalition | ||
|
Democratic Renewal Party Partido Renovação Democrática |
PRD | Conservatism | Ovasco Resende | 5 / 513
|
— | 25 / 1,059
|
Independent | |
|
Green Party Partido Verde |
PV | Green politics | José Luiz Penna | 5 / 513
|
— | 20 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
|
Citizenship Cidadania |
Social liberalism Parliamentarianism |
Comte Bittencourt | 5 / 513
|
— | 19 / 1,059
|
Independent | ||
|
New Party Partido Novo |
Novo | Classical liberalism Right-libertarianism |
Eduardo Ribeiro | 4 / 513
|
1 / 81
|
5 / 1,059
|
Opposition | |
,_do_Brasil_(cropped).png){kind=small}
|
Sustainability Network Rede Sustentabilidade |
Rede | Green liberalism | Heloísa Helena Wesley Diógenes |
1 / 513
|
— | 6 / 1,059
|
Coalition | |
Extra-parliamentary parties
[edit]| Logo | Party | Ideology | Leader(s) | Assemblies[12] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro |
PRTB | Right-wing populism | Leonardo de Araújo Pablo Marçal |
6 / 1,059
| |
|
Act Agir |
Autistic's interests | Daniel Tourinho | 5 / 1,059
| ||
|
National Mobilization Mobilização Nacional |
Mobiliza | Brazilian nationalism Third-worldism |
Antonio Massarollo | 5 / 1,059
| |
| Brazilian Woman's Party Partido da Mulher Brasileira |
PMB | Social conservatism Anti-feminism |
Suêd Haidar | 3 / 1,059
| ||
| Christian Democracy Democracia Cristã |
DC | Christian democracy | José Maria Eymael | 1 / 1,059
| ||
|
Brazilian Communist Party Partido Comunista Brasileiro |
PCB | Marxism-Leninism | Edmilson Costa | — | |
| Popular Unity Unidade Popular |
UP | Revolutionary socialism | Léo Péricles | — | ||
|
United Socialist Workers' Party Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado |
PSTU | Trotskyism Morenismo |
Zé Maria | — | |
|
Workers' Cause Party Partido da Causa Operária |
PCO | Trotskyism Anti-imperialism |
Rui Costa Pimenta | — | |
Extinct parties
[edit]This list presents the parties of the current Sixth Republic that were once recognized by the Superior Electoral Court, but have ceased to exist. The existence of all these parties ended by the result of mergers.
- Democrats - DEM (Democratas)
- Party of the Nation's Retirees - PAN (Partido dos Aposentados da Nação)
- Christian Democratic Party (1985) - PDC (Partido Democrata Cristão)
- Democratic Social Party - PDS (Partido Democrático Social)
- Workers' General Party - PGT (Partido Geral dos Trabalhadores)
- Humanist Party of Solidarity - PHS (Partido Humanista da Solidariedade)
- Liberal Party (1985) - PL (Partido Liberal)
- Free Fatherland Party - PPL (Partido Pátria Livre)
- Progressive Party - PP (Partido Progressista)
- Reform Progressive Party - PPR (Partido Progressista Reformador)
- Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order - PRONA (Partido de Reedificação da Ordem Nacional)
- Republican Party of the Social Order - PROS (Partido Republicano da Ordem Social)
- Progressive Republican Party - PRP (Partido Republicano Progressista)
- Social Christian Party - PSC (Partido Social Cristão)
- Social Democratic Party (1987) - PSD (Partido Social Democrático)
- Social Liberal Party - PSL (Partido Social Liberal)
- Social Labour Party (1983) - PST (Partido Social Trabalhista)
- Brazilian Labour Party (1981) - PTB (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro)
- Renewal Labour Party - PTR (Partido Trabalhista Renovador)
- Patriota
Historical parties
[edit]This list presents the parties that never reached the Sixth Republic. Due to the large number of parties that were dissolved, specially during the First and Second Republics, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list.
Imperial Brazil (1822–1889)
[edit]- Conservative Party (Partido Conservador)
- Liberal Party (Partido Liberal)
- Progressive League (Liga Progressista)
- Paulista Republican Party - PRP (Partido Republicano Paulista)
- Rio-grandense Republican Party - PRR (Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense)
- Minas Gerais Republican Party - PRM (Partido Republicano Mineiro)
- Fluminense Republican Party - PRF (Partido Republicano Fluminense)
- Federal Republican Party (Partido Republicano Federal)
- Conservative Republican Party - PRC (Partido Republicano Conservador)
- Democratic Party (Partido Democrático)
- Liberating Party - PL (Partido Libertador)
- Brazilian Black Front - FNB (Frente Negra Brasileira)
- Catholic Electoral League (Liga Eleitoral Católica)
- Brazilian Integralist Action - AIB (Ação Integralista Brasileira)
Fourth Republic (1945–1964)
[edit]- National Democratic Union - UDN (União Democrática Nacional)
- Brazilian Labour Party (1945) - PTB (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro)
- Brazilian Socialist Party (1945) - PSB (Partido Socialista Brasileiro)
- Orienting Labour Party - POT (Partido Orientador Trabalhista)
- Christian Democratic Party (1945) - PDC (Partido Democrata Cristão)
- Social Democratic Party (1945) - PSD (Partido Social Democrático)
- Republican Party - PR (Partido Republicano)
- Popular Representation Party - PRP (Partido de Representação Popular)
- National Labour Party - PTN (Partido Trabalhista Nacional)
- Social Labour Party (1946) - PST (Partido Social Trabalhista)
- Social Progressive Party - PSP (Partido Social Progressista)
- Republican Labour Party - PRT (Partido Republicano Trabalhista)
- Renewal Labour Movement - MTR (Movimento Trabalhista Renovador)
Military Dictatorship (1964–1985)
[edit]- National Renewal Alliance - ARENA (Aliança Renovadora Nacional)
- Brazilian Democratic Movement - MDB (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro)
- Popular Party - PP (Partido Popular)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Sousa, Ana Cristina Augusto de; Silva, Lays Correa da (6 August 2021). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) (in Portuguese). 22 (47): 570–575. doi:10.1590/2237-101X02204713. ISSN 1518-3319. S2CID 238849517.
- ^ Freedom House report on Brazil, 2007
- ^ "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados". tse.jus.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos". Senado Federal (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Perspectiva é de fusão entre partidos". Valor Econômico (in Brazilian Portuguese). 4 October 2022. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ Fundo Partidário (estudo) Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.
- ^ "L9504". www.planalto.gov.br. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados". Chamber of Deputies. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ "Senadores em Exercício". Federal Senate. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
- ^ a b "Resultado da Eleição". sig.tse.jus.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 15 September 2024.
